the weakness of age

fessus, a, um, P. a. [cf. Sanscr. hā-, gahāmi, relinquo; Gr. chiros, chêra, chôris; Lat. ad-fatim, fatigo], wearied, tired, fatigued; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm (class.; esp. freq. in poets; syn.: fatigatus, defessus, lassus, languidus).

Prop., of living beings:

Romani quamquam itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 53, 5:

de via fessus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 1:

fessum inedia fluctibusque recreare,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

Veientes bello fessi,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

militiā fessae cohortes,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 38:

plorando fessus sum,

Cic. Att. 15, 9, 1:

satiate videndi,

Lucr. 2, 1038:

curāque viāque,

Ov. M. 11, 274:

somno,

Tib. 1, 3, 88:

malis,

Ov. M. 9, 293:

aetate,

Verg. A. 2, 596; cf.

annis,

Ov. M. 9, 440:

valetudinibus,

Tac. H. 3, 2:

fessi vomere tauri,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 11:

elephanti fessi aegritudine,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3:

exercito corpore fessus,

Sall. J. 71, 1; 70, 2:

cum tibi librum Sollicito damus aut fesso,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 221:

inde Rubos fessi pervenimus,

id. S. 1, 5, 94; so,

viator,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17:

pastor,

id. C. 3, 29, 22:

Graii (sc. bello),

id. ib. 2, 4, 11:

boves,

id. Epod. 2, 63.—

With gen. ( poet.):

fessi rerum,

exhausted with events, misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 178:

fessus bellique viaeque,

Stat. Th. 3, 395:

trepidi rerum fessique salutis,

despairing of safety, Sil. 2, 234.—With acc.:

agmina fessa gradum,

Sil. 4, 40.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

alter fessum vulnere, fessum cursu trahens corpus,

Liv. 1, 25, 11; cf. Hor. C. 2, 7, 18; Lucr. 4, 848:

(Phoebus) qui salutari levat arte fessos Corporis artus,

i. e. sick, diseased, Hor. Carm. Sec. 63:

vox fessa loquendo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 85:

fessa aetas,

i. e. the weakness of age, Tac. A. 14, 33:

fessa aetate Galbae,

id. H. 1, 12:

domus aetatis spatio ne fessa vetusto Obruat,

worn out, decayed, Lucr. 3, 774; cf. id. 5, 308:

cardines fessi et turbati,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 120:

(amnes) In mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 582:

naves,

Verg. A. 1, 168; 5, 29:

puppes,

Ov. M. 6, 519; Tib. 2, 5, 46:

carinae,

Ov. M. 11, 393; id. A. A. 3, 748:

vela,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 19: fessa dies, spent, i. e. drawing to a close, Stat. S. 2, 2, 48:

fessae res,

critical, precarious, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18;

also,

misfortunes, calamities, Verg. A. 3, 145:

rebus succurite fessis,

id. ib. 11, 335:

deligendum esse qui fessis rebus succurreret,

Tac. A. 15, 50.

crūdus, a, um, adj. [root kru-, of Gr. kruos; cf. cruor, crudelis], bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.

Prop. (so rare):

vulnus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11:

vulnera,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—

Transf.

Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum [p. 485] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

exta,

Liv. 29, 27, 5:

carnem mandere,

Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food:

pavo,

Juv. 1, 143; cf.

trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

Quint. 10, 1, 19;

and, alvus,

Cato, R. R. 125:

qui crudum ructat,

i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61:

crudior,

Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so,

bos,

Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—

In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.

Lit.

Unripe, immature, crude:

poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt,

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

pruna (opp. maturissima),

Col. 12, 10, 3:

muria (opp. matura),

id. 12, 6, 2 al.:

palmes,

Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.);

of an abscess,

not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11:

puella,

Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12:

funera nepotis,

premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478:

amor,

yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.:

crudum adhuc servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.:

adhuc studia,

Petr. 4:

crudi sine viribus anni,

Sil. 12, 348:

juventus,

not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—

Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous:

jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus,

Verg. A. 6, 304;

imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus,

Tac. Agr. 29: cf.

meus,

Sil. 5, 569.—

Unprepared, immature, raw, crude:

crudum et immotum solum,

Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179:

pix,

Col. 12, 20, 6:

corium,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250;

and, caestus,

made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69:

rudis cortice crudo hasta,

id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude:

junctura addita crudis (numeris),

Pers. 1, 92 (cf.:

si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse:

quia crudus fuerit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—

Trop.

Raw, not prepared or matured:

ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur,

Quint. 10, 1, 19.—

Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless ( poet.).

Of personal subjects:

dicat me Crudum virum esse,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240:

Getae,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 8:

cena, crude Thyesta, tua,

Mart. 4, 49, 4:

crudus et leti artifex,

Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,

Of things as subjects:

bella,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58:

ensis,

Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342:

tyrannis,

Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.— Adv. not in use.

tĕner, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [v. teneo; cf. tenuis, and Sanscr. tanu], soft, delicate, tender (class.; cf. mollis).

Lit.

In gen.:

nihil est tam tenerum, neque tam flexibile neque quod tam facile sequatur quocumque ducas quam oratio,

Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 176; cf. id. Brut. 79, 274;

and v. II. infra): locus bipalio subactus siet beneque terra tenera siet,

Cato, R. R. 45, 1; cf.:

serito in loco, ubi terra tenerrima erit,

id. ib. 151, 2:

in tenero corpore,

Lucr. 3, 765:

procera et tenera palma,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

radices harundinum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

id. B. G. 2, 17:

cana legam tenerā lanugine mala,

Verg. E. 2, 51:

plantae,

id. ib. 10, 49:

caules,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 116:

gramen,

id. C. 4, 12, 9:

rami,

Ov. M. 2, 359:

uvae,

id. R. Am. 83:

prata tenerrima,

id. A. A. 1, 299:

aër,

thin, transparent, Lucr. 2, 145; Verg. A. 9, 699; Ov. M. 4, 616:

alvus,

Cels. 3, 18:

gallina,

tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

ferae tenuiores ad epulas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7:

caseus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 70:

Dianam tenerae dicite virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; so,

virgines,

id. ib. 4, 1, 26:

conjux,

id. ib. 1, 1, 26 [p. 1855] Lycidas, id. ib. 1, 4, 19:

saltatores,

effeminate, Cic. Pis. 36, 89:

vestem Purpuream teneris quoque Maecenatibus aptam,

Juv. 12, 39:

spado,

id. 1, 22.—

In partic., of tender age, young: tener ipse etiam atque puellus, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 697 P.:

tener et rudis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

tener in cunis et sine voce puer,

Prop. 2, 6, 10:

(annus) tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo Vere novo est,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

mares,

id. ib. 10, 84:

equis vetulis teneros anteponere solemus,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

grex,

Phaedr. 2, 4, 14:

vitulus,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54:

haedus,

id. ib. 3, 18, 5:

tigres,

Val. Fl. 1, 491:

manes,

the shades of children, Stat. Th. 6, 121.—Of plants, tenerae res, Verg. G. 2, 343:

teneri anni,

youthful, tender, Plin. Pan. 15, 1; so,

teneriores anni (opp. ferociores),

Quint. 2, 2, 3:

aetates,

id. 1, 10, 34:

a teneris, ut Graeci dicunt, unguiculis,

i. e. from childhood, Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2;

for which: de tenero ungui,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 24.— Absol.:

a tenero,

Quint. 1, 2, 18; cf.:

ut (plantae) eam partem caeli spectent, cui ab tenero consueverunt,

Col. 5, 6, 20. — Subst.: tĕnĕri, ōrum, m., the young, boys:

parcendum est teneris,

Juv. 14, 215; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 59;

also: in teneris,

in early youth, Verg. G. 2, 272; Quint. 1, 3, 13.—

Trop.

In gen., soft, delicate, tender, etc.:

est naturale in animis tenerum quiddam atque molle,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12:

virtus est in amicitia tenera atque tractabilis,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

tenerior animus,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 3; cf.:

tenerae Mentes,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 52; so,

animi,

id. S. 1, 4, 128:

pudor,

Ov. H. 2, 143:

est oratio mollis et tenera et ita flexibilis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Or. 16, 52; cf. id. Brut. 9, 38; cf. I. supra init.; so,

versus,

Hor. A. P. 246; Ov. A. A. 2, 273:

carmen,

id. Am. 3, 8, 2.— Transf., of elegiac poets:

poëta,

Cat. 35, 1; Ov. R. Am. 757:

Propertius,

id. A. A. 3, 333:

molli tenerāque voce,

Quint. 11, 3, 23:

tenera delicataque modulandi voluptas,

id. 9, 4, 31 et saep.—

In partic., of youthful weakness, tender: tener animus (pueri), Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 3; cf.:

horum erroribus teneri statim et rudes animi imbuuntur,

Tac. Or. 29; so,

adhuc mentes,

Quint. 2, 4, 5.—Hence, adv., tenderly, delicately, softly.

tĕnĕrē (post-Aug.):

dicere,

Tac. Or. 26:

recitare,

Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 1:

diligere,

Vulg. Gen. 44, 20. — Comp.:

complosit manus,

Petr. 24.— Sup.:

derasus cortex,

Plin. 23, 3, 35, § 72.—

‡ tĕnĕrĭter, only once cited:

teneriter quidam efferunt, ut celeriter: alii vero tenere ut libere,

Charis. p. 162 P.

tĕner, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [v. teneo; cf. tenuis, and Sanscr. tanu], soft, delicate, tender (class.; cf. mollis).

Lit.

In gen.:

nihil est tam tenerum, neque tam flexibile neque quod tam facile sequatur quocumque ducas quam oratio,

Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 176; cf. id. Brut. 79, 274;

and v. II. infra): locus bipalio subactus siet beneque terra tenera siet,

Cato, R. R. 45, 1; cf.:

serito in loco, ubi terra tenerrima erit,

id. ib. 151, 2:

in tenero corpore,

Lucr. 3, 765:

procera et tenera palma,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

radices harundinum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

id. B. G. 2, 17:

cana legam tenerā lanugine mala,

Verg. E. 2, 51:

plantae,

id. ib. 10, 49:

caules,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 116:

gramen,

id. C. 4, 12, 9:

rami,

Ov. M. 2, 359:

uvae,

id. R. Am. 83:

prata tenerrima,

id. A. A. 1, 299:

aër,

thin, transparent, Lucr. 2, 145; Verg. A. 9, 699; Ov. M. 4, 616:

alvus,

Cels. 3, 18:

gallina,

tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

ferae tenuiores ad epulas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7:

caseus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 70:

Dianam tenerae dicite virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 21, 1; so,

virgines,

id. ib. 4, 1, 26:

conjux,

id. ib. 1, 1, 26 [p. 1855] Lycidas, id. ib. 1, 4, 19:

saltatores,

effeminate, Cic. Pis. 36, 89:

vestem Purpuream teneris quoque Maecenatibus aptam,

Juv. 12, 39:

spado,

id. 1, 22.—

In partic., of tender age, young: tener ipse etiam atque puellus, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 697 P.:

tener et rudis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

tener in cunis et sine voce puer,

Prop. 2, 6, 10:

(annus) tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo Vere novo est,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

mares,

id. ib. 10, 84:

equis vetulis teneros anteponere solemus,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

grex,

Phaedr. 2, 4, 14:

vitulus,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54:

haedus,

id. ib. 3, 18, 5:

tigres,

Val. Fl. 1, 491:

manes,

the shades of children, Stat. Th. 6, 121.—Of plants, tenerae res, Verg. G. 2, 343:

teneri anni,

youthful, tender, Plin. Pan. 15, 1; so,

teneriores anni (opp. ferociores),

Quint. 2, 2, 3:

aetates,

id. 1, 10, 34:

a teneris, ut Graeci dicunt, unguiculis,

i. e. from childhood, Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2;

for which: de tenero ungui,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 24.— Absol.:

a tenero,

Quint. 1, 2, 18; cf.:

ut (plantae) eam partem caeli spectent, cui ab tenero consueverunt,

Col. 5, 6, 20. — Subst.: tĕnĕri, ōrum, m., the young, boys:

parcendum est teneris,

Juv. 14, 215; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 59;

also: in teneris,

in early youth, Verg. G. 2, 272; Quint. 1, 3, 13.—

Trop.

In gen., soft, delicate, tender, etc.:

est naturale in animis tenerum quiddam atque molle,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12:

virtus est in amicitia tenera atque tractabilis,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

tenerior animus,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 3; cf.:

tenerae Mentes,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 52; so,

animi,

id. S. 1, 4, 128:

pudor,

Ov. H. 2, 143:

est oratio mollis et tenera et ita flexibilis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Or. 16, 52; cf. id. Brut. 9, 38; cf. I. supra init.; so,

versus,

Hor. A. P. 246; Ov. A. A. 2, 273:

carmen,

id. Am. 3, 8, 2.— Transf., of elegiac poets:

poëta,

Cat. 35, 1; Ov. R. Am. 757:

Propertius,

id. A. A. 3, 333:

molli tenerāque voce,

Quint. 11, 3, 23:

tenera delicataque modulandi voluptas,

id. 9, 4, 31 et saep.—

In partic., of youthful weakness, tender: tener animus (pueri), Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 3; cf.:

horum erroribus teneri statim et rudes animi imbuuntur,

Tac. Or. 29; so,

adhuc mentes,

Quint. 2, 4, 5.—Hence, adv., tenderly, delicately, softly.

tĕnĕrē (post-Aug.):

dicere,

Tac. Or. 26:

recitare,

Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 1:

diligere,

Vulg. Gen. 44, 20. — Comp.:

complosit manus,

Petr. 24.— Sup.:

derasus cortex,

Plin. 23, 3, 35, § 72.—

‡ tĕnĕrĭter, only once cited:

teneriter quidam efferunt, ut celeriter: alii vero tenere ut libere,

Charis. p. 162 P.